Discovering your cat has a watery or weepy eye can be concerning. It’s essential to understand that excessive tearing in cats, especially when it’s localized to only one eye, is a sign something is amiss. This article delves into the potential causes behind this symptom, helping you understand when it’s time to seek veterinary care.
Understanding Epiphora: Excessive Tearing in Cats
Epiphora is the medical term for excessive tearing. While cats naturally produce tears to keep their eyes lubricated and clear of debris, excessive tearing is usually a sign of an underlying problem. In many cases, only one eye might be affected, providing a valuable clue about the nature of the issue.
Normal Tear Production in Cats
A thin tear film constantly coats the surface of a cat’s eye. This film comprises three layers: an oily layer to prevent evaporation, a watery layer to hydrate the eye, and a mucus layer to spread the tears evenly. Tears drain through small openings called puncta, located in the inner corners of the eyelids, into the nasolacrimal duct (tear duct), which leads to the nose. Problems with any part of this system can lead to epiphora.
When Tearing Becomes a Problem
When tear production exceeds the drainage capacity of the nasolacrimal duct, or when the duct is blocked, tears spill over the eyelid and down the face. This is epiphora. If it is only affecting one eye, there is likely a local issue concerning that eye or the drainage system linked to that eye.
Common Causes of Unilateral Epiphora (Tearing in One Eye)
Several conditions can cause a cat to cry from only one eye. Identifying the possible cause is crucial for determining the best course of action.
Eye Infections
Eye infections are a frequent culprit behind unilateral epiphora. Bacterial, viral, or fungal infections can inflame the conjunctiva (the clear membrane lining the eyelids and covering the white part of the eye) and cornea (the clear front surface of the eye).
Bacterial Infections
Bacteria such as Staphylococcus or Streptococcus can cause conjunctivitis, leading to redness, swelling, discharge (which may be clear, yellow, or green), and excessive tearing.
Viral Infections
Feline herpesvirus (FHV-1) and feline calicivirus are common viral causes of upper respiratory infections in cats, often accompanied by conjunctivitis and epiphora. Viral infections can sometimes be more severe in one eye than the other.
Fungal Infections
Although less common, fungal infections can also affect the eyes, causing inflammation and discharge.
Corneal Ulcers and Injuries
The cornea is particularly susceptible to injury and ulceration. Scratches from fighting with other animals, foreign objects lodged in the eye, or even self-inflicted trauma from rubbing the eye can damage the cornea.
Corneal Ulcers
A corneal ulcer is an open sore on the surface of the cornea. These ulcers are painful and cause increased tear production as the eye attempts to heal itself. Ulcers also increase the risk of secondary infection.
Foreign Bodies
A grass seed, piece of dirt, or other foreign material can become trapped under the eyelid or on the surface of the eye, causing irritation and tearing. These can be incredibly painful and result in significant tearing from one eye.
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a condition characterized by increased pressure inside the eye. While glaucoma often affects both eyes, it can sometimes present unilaterally, especially in its early stages.
Causes of Glaucoma
Glaucoma can be primary (inherited) or secondary to other eye problems, such as uveitis (inflammation inside the eye) or lens luxation (displacement of the lens).
Symptoms of Glaucoma
Besides tearing, glaucoma can cause eye redness, cloudiness of the cornea, and enlargement of the eyeball (buphthalmos). It’s a painful condition that requires prompt veterinary attention.
Uveitis
Uveitis is inflammation of the uveal tract, which includes the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. This condition is often painful and can lead to epiphora, squinting, and changes in the appearance of the eye.
Causes of Uveitis
Uveitis can result from infections (such as feline leukemia virus (FeLV) or feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)), trauma, or autoimmune diseases.
Symptoms of Uveitis
Uveitis can cause several symptoms, including excessive tearing, sensitivity to light, changes in pupil size or shape, and cloudiness of the eye.
Blocked Tear Duct (Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction)
As mentioned earlier, tears drain through the nasolacrimal duct. If this duct becomes blocked, tears will accumulate and overflow, leading to epiphora.
Causes of Blocked Tear Ducts
Blockages can occur due to inflammation, infection, foreign bodies, or congenital abnormalities.
Diagnosis of Blocked Tear Ducts
A veterinarian can often diagnose a blocked tear duct by performing a fluorescein dye test. A special dye is placed in the eye, and the vet observes whether the dye appears at the nose within a few minutes. If not, the tear duct is likely blocked.
Entropion
Entropion is a condition in which the eyelid rolls inward, causing the eyelashes to rub against the cornea. This constant irritation leads to pain, corneal damage, and increased tear production.
Causes of Entropion
Entropion can be congenital (present from birth) or acquired due to scarring or muscle weakness.
Treatment for Entropion
Treatment typically involves surgery to correct the position of the eyelid.
Other Less Common Causes
While the above are some of the most common causes, other less frequent conditions can also lead to unilateral epiphora. These include:
- Tumors affecting the eye or tear ducts
- Allergies (although allergies usually affect both eyes)
- Certain systemic diseases
Diagnostic Procedures
If your cat is crying from only one eye, a veterinary examination is necessary to determine the underlying cause. The vet will perform a thorough eye exam, which may include:
- Visual Inspection: Assessing the overall appearance of the eye, eyelids, and surrounding tissues.
- Fluorescein Stain: Applying a special dye to the cornea to detect ulcers or abrasions.
- Schirmer Tear Test: Measuring tear production to rule out dry eye (keratoconjunctivitis sicca).
- Tonometry: Measuring the pressure inside the eye to check for glaucoma.
- Cytology: Collecting cells from the surface of the eye for microscopic examination to identify infections or inflammation.
Further diagnostic tests may be necessary, depending on the initial findings. These could include blood tests to check for underlying systemic diseases, imaging studies (such as X-rays or ultrasound) to evaluate the tear ducts or surrounding structures, or referral to a veterinary ophthalmologist for specialized testing and treatment.
Treatment Options
Treatment for unilateral epiphora depends entirely on the underlying cause.
- Infections: Antibiotics (topical or oral) are used to treat bacterial infections. Antiviral medications may be prescribed for viral infections, and antifungals for fungal infections.
- Corneal Ulcers: Treatment involves antibiotics to prevent secondary infection, pain medication, and sometimes surgical repair of the ulcer.
- Glaucoma: Medications to lower the pressure inside the eye are crucial. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary.
- Uveitis: Corticosteroids or other anti-inflammatory medications are used to reduce inflammation. The underlying cause of uveitis also needs to be addressed.
- Blocked Tear Duct: Flushing the tear duct to remove the blockage may be effective. In some cases, surgery may be required.
- Entropion: Surgical correction of the eyelid is the most effective treatment.
- Foreign Bodies: The foreign body needs to be carefully removed by a veterinarian.
Home Care and Prevention
While professional veterinary care is essential for diagnosing and treating the cause of unilateral epiphora, there are some things you can do at home to support your cat’s eye health.
- Keep the area around the eye clean: Gently wipe away any discharge with a warm, damp cloth.
- Prevent trauma: Keep your cat indoors to reduce the risk of injuries from fights or foreign objects.
- Regular Veterinary Checkups: Regular vet visits can help detect eye problems early, before they become severe.
When to See a Veterinarian
It’s crucial to seek veterinary care promptly if you notice any of the following signs in your cat:
- Excessive tearing from one eye
- Redness or swelling around the eye
- Squinting or rubbing the eye
- Discharge (especially if it’s yellow or green)
- Cloudiness of the eye
- Changes in pupil size or shape
- Visible injury to the eye
Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent complications and preserve your cat’s vision.
Conclusion
Unilateral epiphora in cats can stem from various underlying issues, ranging from minor infections to more serious conditions like glaucoma or corneal ulcers. Identifying the specific cause necessitates a thorough veterinary examination. Prompt and appropriate treatment is essential for alleviating discomfort, preventing complications, and safeguarding your cat’s eyesight. As a responsible pet owner, it’s crucial to remain vigilant about your cat’s eye health and seek professional veterinary care when you notice any concerning symptoms.
Why is my cat crying out of one eye all of a sudden?
Your cat crying from one eye suddenly usually indicates a localized irritation or infection affecting that eye. It could be anything from a foreign object lodged in the eye, a scratch on the cornea (the clear front surface of the eye), or a developing infection like conjunctivitis. Sudden onset often points to an acute issue that needs prompt attention.
Observe your cat for other symptoms like squinting, pawing at the eye, redness, or increased discharge. These signs can help pinpoint the possible cause. Do not attempt to treat it yourself without veterinary guidance, as some conditions require specific medications and improper treatment can worsen the problem.
What are some common causes of one-eye tearing in cats?
Common causes include corneal ulcers (sores on the cornea), which are often caused by injury or infection. Conjunctivitis, an inflammation of the conjunctiva (the pink tissue lining the eyelids and covering the white of the eye), is another frequent culprit, often resulting from viral or bacterial infections, or allergies. Foreign bodies, such as dust, grass seeds, or debris lodged under the eyelid or on the cornea, are also a common cause of tearing.
Other potential causes include blocked tear ducts, which prevent proper drainage of tears, glaucoma (increased pressure inside the eye), which can be very painful, and even upper respiratory infections which can affect the eyes. In rare cases, tumors or masses near the eye can also cause tearing and discharge. A vet will examine your cat to determine the exact cause.
How do I know if my cat’s eye problem is serious?
Signs that indicate a serious eye problem include persistent or worsening tearing, especially if accompanied by colored discharge (yellow, green, or bloody). Squinting, excessive blinking, or pawing at the eye are also concerning signs, as is any noticeable cloudiness or change in the appearance of the eye. A change in pupil size or reactivity to light warrants immediate attention.
Other red flags are lethargy, loss of appetite, or other signs of systemic illness alongside the eye issue. Severe pain, indicated by vocalization or reluctance to be touched, is also a major concern. If you observe any of these symptoms, it is essential to seek veterinary care as soon as possible to prevent potential complications, including vision loss.
Can cat eye problems be contagious to other cats?
Yes, some feline eye problems, particularly conjunctivitis caused by viral or bacterial infections, are highly contagious to other cats. Feline herpesvirus and calicivirus are common viral causes that spread easily through direct contact, shared food bowls, or even through the air. Bacterial infections, such as those caused by Chlamydophila felis or Mycoplasma, can also be transmitted.
Therefore, if one of your cats is diagnosed with conjunctivitis, it’s essential to isolate them from other cats in the household to prevent the spread of infection. Thorough hand washing after handling the affected cat and disinfecting shared items is crucial. Your veterinarian can provide specific recommendations based on the identified cause of the eye problem.
What can I do to help soothe my cat’s irritated eye at home?
While home remedies should never replace veterinary care, you can take a few steps to provide comfort while waiting for an appointment. Gently cleaning the discharge around the eye with a warm, damp cloth can help prevent crusting and further irritation. Use a separate, clean cloth for each eye to prevent cross-contamination if only one eye is affected.
Avoid using any human eye drops or medications without consulting your veterinarian, as some ingredients can be harmful to cats. Make sure your cat is in a clean, quiet environment to minimize stress and prevent further irritation. You can also use an Elizabethan collar (cone) if your cat is constantly pawing at their eye to prevent self-inflicted injury.
What kind of treatment will my vet likely prescribe for a crying eye?
The specific treatment will depend on the underlying cause of the eye problem. If it’s conjunctivitis caused by a bacterial infection, your veterinarian may prescribe antibiotic eye drops or ointment. For viral conjunctivitis, antiviral medications or supportive care to boost the immune system may be recommended. Corneal ulcers may require antibiotic eye drops, pain medication, and potentially surgery if severe.
In cases of blocked tear ducts, your vet may attempt to flush the ducts under anesthesia. Glaucoma often requires medication to lower the pressure in the eye, and in severe cases, surgery may be necessary. For foreign bodies, your vet will carefully remove the object and may prescribe antibiotic eye drops to prevent infection. Always follow your vet’s instructions carefully and complete the full course of medication.
How can I prevent eye problems in my cat?
Regular veterinary checkups are crucial for early detection of potential eye problems. Keep your cat’s living environment clean and free of dust and irritants. Ensure your cat receives regular vaccinations to protect against common viral infections that can cause eye problems. If you have multiple cats, isolate any new cats until they have been examined by a veterinarian to prevent the spread of infectious diseases.
If your cat goes outdoors, supervise their activities to minimize the risk of injury or exposure to contagious diseases. Regular grooming can help remove debris from around the eyes and prevent matting that could trap irritants. If your cat is prone to allergies, work with your veterinarian to manage their allergies and minimize exposure to allergens that could trigger eye irritation.