“Morning Has Broken” is a beloved hymn, known for its simple yet profound lyrics and captivating melody. It’s a song that resonates deeply with many, often evoking feelings of peace, gratitude, and connection to nature. However, the question of who truly penned the words to this iconic hymn is surprisingly complex and often misunderstood. While Cat Stevens’ rendition undoubtedly propelled the song to international fame, the origins of the lyrics lie much deeper in history.
Delving into the History: Eleanor Farjeon and the Origins of the Poem
The answer to who originally wrote “Morning Has Broken” points directly to Eleanor Farjeon, a celebrated English author, poet, and playwright. Born in 1881 in London, Farjeon was a prolific writer, producing a vast body of work that included children’s stories, plays, poems, biographies, and even opera librettos. Her literary talent was evident early in her life, nurtured by her artistic family.
Farjeon’s poem “Morning Has Broken” was written in 1931. It was not initially conceived as a hymn, but rather as a standalone poem intended for a children’s hymn book. Her inspiration stemmed from a desire to express gratitude for the beauty and renewal of each new day. The poem captures the essence of nature’s awakening, celebrating the simple joys of life.
The Genesis of the Poem: Inspiration and Creation
The poem’s creation was a collaborative effort of sorts. While Eleanor Farjeon wrote the lyrics, the hymn book’s editor, Percy Dearmer, requested that she write a poem that would fit a specific tune. That tune was a traditional Gaelic melody known as “Bunessan,” a Scottish Gaelic Christmas carol. Farjeon, known for her versatility, readily accepted the challenge.
The poem’s simplicity is deceptive. Its strength lies in its ability to convey profound emotions using accessible language. Farjeon’s skillful use of imagery paints a vivid picture of a world reborn each morning, highlighting the freshness and beauty of creation. The gentle rhythm and rhyme scheme contribute to the poem’s calming and uplifting effect.
Eleanor Farjeon’s Legacy: More Than Just “Morning Has Broken”
Eleanor Farjeon was a literary powerhouse, and “Morning Has Broken” is just one gem in her extensive repertoire. She won the prestigious Hans Christian Andersen Award in 1956, recognizing her significant contributions to children’s literature. Her works continue to be enjoyed by readers of all ages, testament to her enduring appeal.
Her other notable works include “Martin Pippin in the Apple Orchard,” a whimsical fantasy novel, and numerous collections of children’s poems and stories. She had a unique ability to capture the wonder and magic of childhood, creating stories that resonated with both children and adults.
The Gaelic Melody “Bunessan”: The Musical Foundation
While Eleanor Farjeon provided the words, the music that carries “Morning Has Broken” is equally important. The tune, known as “Bunessan,” is a traditional Gaelic melody of Scottish origin. Its history is rooted in the cultural heritage of the Scottish Highlands and Islands.
“Bunessan” is believed to have originated as a Christmas carol. The melody’s simplicity and beauty made it a natural choice for a hymn tune. It perfectly complements Farjeon’s lyrics, creating a powerful and moving musical experience. The combination of the Gaelic melody and Farjeon’s words gave the hymn a timeless quality.
From Gaelic Carol to Hymn Tune: The Evolution of “Bunessan”
The transformation of “Bunessan” from a Gaelic carol to a widely used hymn tune is a testament to its versatility and enduring appeal. Its adoption by hymn book editors, including Percy Dearmer, ensured its inclusion in various religious contexts. The melody’s adaptability allowed it to be paired with different sets of lyrics, further contributing to its popularity.
The tune’s connection to Gaelic culture adds another layer of depth to the hymn. It evokes a sense of history and tradition, connecting listeners to the rich musical heritage of Scotland. The simplicity of the melody makes it accessible to singers of all skill levels, contributing to its widespread use in churches and other gatherings.
Cat Stevens and the Rise to Global Fame
While Eleanor Farjeon wrote the lyrics and “Bunessan” provided the melody, it was Cat Stevens’ rendition in 1971 that catapulted “Morning Has Broken” to international stardom. His interpretation of the hymn resonated with a generation seeking spiritual meaning and connection in a rapidly changing world.
Stevens’ arrangement, featuring a distinctive piano introduction by Rick Wakeman of the progressive rock band Yes, gave the song a contemporary feel. The song’s message of hope and renewal resonated deeply with listeners, making it a worldwide hit.
The Cat Stevens Effect: A Modern Interpretation
Cat Stevens’ version of “Morning Has Broken” wasn’t just a cover; it was a reinterpretation that captured the spirit of the times. His soulful vocals and Wakeman’s evocative piano playing transformed the hymn into a powerful anthem of peace and hope. The song’s success introduced it to a new audience, solidifying its place in popular culture.
His recording brought renewed attention to the original poem and the “Bunessan” melody, sparking a renewed interest in the hymn’s origins. Many who heard Stevens’ version were unaware of the song’s history, leading to a search for the true author and the story behind its creation.
Beyond the Hit: Cat Stevens’ Contribution to the Song’s Legacy
Cat Stevens’ contribution to the legacy of “Morning Has Broken” is undeniable. He didn’t write the words or the music, but he breathed new life into the hymn, making it relevant for a new generation. His version remains one of the most recognizable and beloved recordings of the song, continuing to inspire listeners around the world.
His arrangement showcased the song’s timeless quality, demonstrating its ability to transcend generations and cultural boundaries. He helped cement “Morning Has Broken” as a classic, ensuring its continued performance and appreciation for years to come.
Disentangling the Misconceptions: Clearing Up Common Errors
The popularity of Cat Stevens’ version has inadvertently led to some common misconceptions about the song’s authorship. Many people mistakenly believe that he wrote the lyrics, overlooking Eleanor Farjeon’s original poem. It’s crucial to acknowledge and correct these inaccuracies to give credit where it is due.
Another misconception is that “Morning Has Broken” was written specifically for Cat Stevens. In reality, the hymn had existed for decades before his recording. He simply chose to record and release his own interpretation of an already established song.
The Importance of Attribution: Giving Credit Where It’s Due
Correctly attributing the lyrics to Eleanor Farjeon is essential to preserving her legacy and recognizing her contribution to literature. She was a gifted writer whose work deserves to be acknowledged and celebrated. By understanding the song’s history, we can appreciate the collaborative effort that resulted in this beloved hymn.
Acknowledging the Gaelic origins of the “Bunessan” melody is equally important. It highlights the rich musical heritage of Scotland and underscores the song’s connection to tradition. Recognizing the contributions of all involved ensures a complete and accurate understanding of the song’s history.
Continuing the Legacy: Sharing the True Story of “Morning Has Broken”
The story of “Morning Has Broken” is a testament to the power of collaboration and the enduring appeal of simple beauty. By sharing the true story behind the hymn, we can ensure that Eleanor Farjeon’s contribution is never forgotten and that the Gaelic origins of the melody are properly recognized. The hymn serves as a reminder of the beauty and renewal that each new day brings.
Conclusion: A Timeless Hymn with a Rich History
“Morning Has Broken” is more than just a song; it’s a cultural artifact with a rich and fascinating history. From Eleanor Farjeon’s poignant lyrics to the traditional Gaelic melody of “Bunessan” and Cat Stevens’ iconic rendition, the hymn has touched the hearts of countless people around the world. Understanding the origins of this beloved hymn allows us to appreciate its depth and enduring appeal. The poem, brought to life by the beautiful melody, continues to inspire gratitude and wonder for the simple joys of life.
Who is credited with writing the lyrics to “Morning Has Broken”?
Eleanor Farjeon is widely and correctly credited with writing the lyrics to “Morning Has Broken.” She was a renowned English children’s author and poet, and her poem, originally simply titled “Morning Song,” was first published in 1931 in a hymn book called “Songs of Praise.” The beauty and simplicity of her words captured the essence of a new dawn, reflecting themes of gratitude and appreciation for nature.
Farjeon’s poetic style is known for its clarity and heartfelt expression. The poem’s imagery, describing elements like the “blackbird has spoken” and the “sweet song for the swan,” resonates deeply with audiences, contributing to the hymn’s enduring appeal. While Farjeon wrote the lyrics, the melody is a separate and equally important part of the song’s history.
What is the origin of the melody used for “Morning Has Broken”?
The melody used for “Morning Has Broken” is a traditional Gaelic tune known as “Bunessan.” This melody originated in the Scottish Highlands and is named after a village on the Isle of Mull. The tune had existed for many years, initially used for a Gaelic hymn, before it was paired with Eleanor Farjeon’s poem.
The Gaelic origins of “Bunessan” contribute to the hymn’s sense of timelessness and connection to nature. The melody’s simple and flowing structure perfectly complements Farjeon’s lyrics, creating a harmonious and evocative piece of music. This pairing highlights the power of combining different cultural and artistic elements to create something truly memorable.
How did Cat Stevens popularize “Morning Has Broken”?
Cat Stevens, the stage name of Yusuf Islam, famously recorded “Morning Has Broken” in 1971 for his album “Teaser and the Firecat.” While he didn’t write the lyrics or compose the melody, his arrangement and performance brought the hymn to a global audience. He heard the song in a church service and was deeply moved by it, deciding to include it on his album.
Stevens’ rendition featured a beautiful piano introduction by Rick Wakeman, the keyboardist for the progressive rock band Yes. Wakeman’s contribution, which wasn’t originally part of the plan, significantly elevated the song’s appeal and helped propel it to international success. Stevens’ recording remains the most well-known version of “Morning Has Broken,” introducing it to generations of listeners.
What role did Rick Wakeman play in the success of “Morning Has Broken”?
Rick Wakeman, the keyboardist for the progressive rock band Yes, played a pivotal role in the success of Cat Stevens’ rendition of “Morning Has Broken.” He was initially hired as a session musician to play the piano on the track but wasn’t particularly inspired by the arrangement. He felt it needed something more to truly capture the song’s potential.
Wakeman spontaneously composed and added the now-iconic piano introduction without Stevens’ explicit instruction. He wasn’t even credited as a co-writer, despite the introduction becoming integral to the song’s identity. The piano part added depth and emotion, transforming the song into a chart-topping hit and a beloved classic.
Was there any controversy surrounding the credits for “Morning Has Broken”?
Yes, some controversy arose regarding the credits and royalties for “Morning Has Broken.” Rick Wakeman, who composed the famous piano introduction, was never officially credited as a co-writer or compensated for his significant contribution to the song’s success. This led to some feeling he was unfairly excluded from the recognition and financial benefits.
Wakeman himself has spoken about the situation, expressing his disappointment at not receiving proper credit or royalties. While he acknowledges that Eleanor Farjeon wrote the lyrics and the melody was traditional, he argues that his arrangement and introduction were essential to the song’s widespread appeal. This incident highlights the complexities of crediting and compensating musicians in collaborative projects.
What is the significance of “Morning Has Broken” as a hymn?
“Morning Has Broken” is significant as a hymn due to its universal themes of gratitude, renewal, and appreciation for the beauty of nature. The lyrics evoke a sense of awe and wonder at the start of each new day, encouraging listeners to reflect on the blessings in their lives. Its simple yet profound message transcends religious boundaries, making it accessible to people of all faiths and backgrounds.
The hymn’s popularity stems from its ability to connect with people on a deeply emotional level. Its gentle melody and uplifting lyrics offer comfort and inspiration, making it a popular choice for church services, memorial gatherings, and personal reflection. It serves as a reminder of the simple joys and the cyclical nature of life.
Why does “Morning Has Broken” continue to resonate with audiences today?
“Morning Has Broken” continues to resonate with audiences today because of its timeless themes and its ability to evoke feelings of peace and hope. In a world often filled with chaos and uncertainty, the song offers a moment of tranquility and a reminder of the beauty that surrounds us. Its message of gratitude and renewal remains relevant across generations.
Furthermore, the song’s simplicity and accessibility contribute to its enduring appeal. The melody is easy to remember, and the lyrics are straightforward and heartfelt, making it accessible to people of all ages and musical backgrounds. The combination of Eleanor Farjeon’s poignant words, the traditional Gaelic melody, and the iconic arrangement by Cat Stevens and Rick Wakeman has created a song that continues to touch hearts and inspire listeners worldwide.