Should I Call the Vet? Understanding Drooling in Cats

Drooling, while perfectly normal for some animals like dogs (especially certain breeds), can be a cause for concern in cats. While an occasional dribble might not immediately warrant a trip to the veterinary clinic, persistent or excessive drooling in cats is often a sign of an underlying medical issue. This article will explore the various reasons why your feline friend might be drooling, help you assess the situation, and guide you in determining when a veterinary visit is necessary.

Understanding Normal vs. Abnormal Drooling

It’s crucial to distinguish between normal and abnormal drooling in cats. Some cats might drool when they are extremely relaxed, happy, and being petted, similar to how some cats purr. This type of drooling is usually minimal and accompanied by other signs of contentment, such as kneading or slow blinking. It’s usually nothing to worry about.

However, drooling that is excessive, persistent, or accompanied by other symptoms should be carefully evaluated. Changes in behavior, appetite, or activity level, along with the drooling, are red flags. A sudden increase in drool, especially if your cat doesn’t typically drool, is another reason to be concerned.

What Constitutes Excessive Drooling?

Defining “excessive” can be subjective, but here are some indicators:

Wet fur around the mouth and chin.
Drool dripping onto surfaces.
A noticeable change in the amount of saliva production compared to your cat’s normal.
The drooling is accompanied by other symptoms like pawing at the mouth, difficulty swallowing, or bad breath.

Common Causes of Drooling in Cats

Numerous factors can trigger drooling in cats, ranging from minor irritations to serious medical conditions. Identifying the potential cause is the first step in determining the appropriate course of action.

Dental Problems

Dental disease is one of the most prevalent causes of excessive drooling in cats. Conditions such as gingivitis (inflammation of the gums), periodontitis (gum disease that affects the bone and tissues supporting the teeth), and tooth resorption (a destructive process that eats away at the tooth structure) can all cause pain and inflammation, leading to increased saliva production.

Symptoms of dental problems in cats include:

Bad breath (halitosis).
Red, swollen, or bleeding gums.
Difficulty eating or a decreased appetite.
Pawing at the mouth.
Weight loss.
Loose or missing teeth.
Dropping food while eating.

If you notice any of these signs along with drooling, a veterinary dental examination is essential. Regular dental checkups and professional cleanings can help prevent and manage dental disease in cats.

Foreign Objects

Cats are naturally curious creatures, and they sometimes ingest objects they shouldn’t. A foreign object lodged in the mouth or throat, such as a piece of string, a bone fragment, or a plant thorn, can irritate the tissues and stimulate saliva production.

Signs of a foreign object in the mouth or throat include:

Excessive drooling.
Pawing at the mouth.
Gagging or coughing.
Difficulty swallowing.
Anorexia (loss of appetite).
Restlessness.
Visible object in the mouth (if you can safely inspect it).

If you suspect your cat has a foreign object lodged in its mouth or throat, do not attempt to remove it yourself unless it is easily accessible and you are confident you can do so safely. You risk pushing the object further down or causing injury. Immediate veterinary attention is crucial.

Nausea and Vomiting

Just like humans, cats can experience nausea for various reasons, including motion sickness, dietary indiscretion (eating something they shouldn’t), and underlying medical conditions. Nausea often triggers drooling as a protective mechanism to lubricate the esophagus and prevent damage from stomach acid.

Other signs of nausea in cats include:

Lip licking.
Pawing at the mouth.
Loss of appetite.
Lethargy.
Hiding.
Vomiting or retching.

If your cat is drooling due to nausea, observe them closely for other symptoms. If the nausea persists or is accompanied by vomiting, diarrhea, or lethargy, a veterinary visit is recommended to determine the underlying cause.

Oral Ulcers and Infections

Oral ulcers, which are open sores in the mouth, can be extremely painful and cause excessive drooling. These ulcers can be caused by various factors, including viral infections (such as feline calicivirus), autoimmune diseases, and exposure to irritating substances. Infections in the mouth, whether bacterial or fungal, can also lead to inflammation and increased saliva production.

Symptoms of oral ulcers and infections include:

Red, inflamed, or ulcerated areas in the mouth.
Bad breath.
Difficulty eating or a decreased appetite.
Pawing at the mouth.
Drooling.
Weight loss.

Veterinary diagnosis and treatment are essential for oral ulcers and infections. Treatment may involve antibiotics, antiviral medications, pain relief, and supportive care.

Upper Respiratory Infections

Upper respiratory infections (URIs), commonly known as cat colds, can cause inflammation of the nasal passages and sinuses, leading to increased mucus production and drooling. These infections are often caused by viruses such as feline herpesvirus and feline calicivirus.

Other symptoms of URIs in cats include:

Sneezing.
Nasal discharge.
Coughing.
Eye discharge.
Lethargy.
Loss of appetite.
Fever.

While many URIs resolve on their own with supportive care, severe cases may require veterinary treatment with antibiotics or antiviral medications.

Exposure to Toxins

Exposure to certain toxins, such as poisonous plants, cleaning products, or insecticides, can cause excessive drooling in cats. Some toxins can directly irritate the oral mucosa, while others can affect the nervous system, leading to increased saliva production.

Other signs of toxin exposure in cats include:

Vomiting.
Diarrhea.
Tremors.
Seizures.
Difficulty breathing.
Weakness.
Uncoordinated movements.

If you suspect your cat has been exposed to a toxin, contact your veterinarian or a pet poison control hotline immediately. Prompt treatment is crucial to prevent serious complications.

Kidney Disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common condition in older cats. As kidney function declines, toxins build up in the bloodstream, which can lead to nausea, oral ulcers, and excessive drooling.

Other signs of kidney disease in cats include:

Increased thirst and urination.
Weight loss.
Loss of appetite.
Lethargy.
Vomiting.
Bad breath (ammonia-like odor).

Kidney disease is a progressive condition that requires ongoing management. Veterinary treatment may involve dietary changes, medications, and fluid therapy to help manage symptoms and slow the progression of the disease.

Liver Disease

Similar to kidney disease, liver disease can also cause a buildup of toxins in the bloodstream, leading to nausea, oral ulcers, and drooling.

Other signs of liver disease in cats include:

Loss of appetite.
Vomiting.
Diarrhea.
Lethargy.
Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes).
Abdominal swelling.

Liver disease can be caused by various factors, including infections, toxins, and tumors. Veterinary diagnosis and treatment are essential for managing liver disease in cats.

Neurological Issues

In rare cases, drooling in cats can be a sign of neurological problems, such as nerve damage or brain tumors. These conditions can affect the muscles that control swallowing and saliva production.

Other signs of neurological problems in cats include:

Head tilting.
Seizures.
Uncoordinated movements.
Weakness.
Changes in behavior.

If you suspect your cat’s drooling is related to a neurological issue, a veterinary examination is essential to determine the underlying cause and develop a treatment plan.

When to Call the Vet: A Decision-Making Guide

While some causes of drooling are minor and self-limiting, others require immediate veterinary attention. Here’s a guide to help you decide when to call the vet:

Excessive or persistent drooling: If your cat is drooling significantly more than usual or the drooling persists for more than a day or two, a veterinary visit is recommended.
Accompanying symptoms: If the drooling is accompanied by other symptoms, such as loss of appetite, vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, pawing at the mouth, difficulty swallowing, or bad breath, seek veterinary care promptly.
Suspected toxin exposure: If you suspect your cat has been exposed to a toxin, contact your veterinarian or a pet poison control hotline immediately.
Trauma: If your cat has suffered any trauma to the head or mouth, seek veterinary care to rule out any serious injuries.
Changes in behavior: Any sudden or significant changes in your cat’s behavior, such as hiding, aggression, or disorientation, should be evaluated by a veterinarian.
Pre-existing conditions: If your cat has a pre-existing medical condition, such as kidney disease or liver disease, and develops new or worsening drooling, contact your veterinarian to discuss the situation.

Trust your instincts. If you are concerned about your cat’s drooling, it’s always best to err on the side of caution and seek veterinary advice.

What to Expect at the Vet

When you take your cat to the vet for drooling, be prepared to provide a detailed history of the problem, including when it started, how often it occurs, and any other symptoms you have observed. The veterinarian will perform a thorough physical examination, including an examination of the mouth and throat.

Diagnostic tests may be necessary to determine the underlying cause of the drooling. These tests may include:

Blood tests: To assess kidney and liver function, check for infections, and evaluate overall health.
Urinalysis: To evaluate kidney function and check for urinary tract infections.
Dental X-rays: To assess the health of the teeth and surrounding bone.
Oral examination under anesthesia: To thoroughly examine the mouth and throat for any abnormalities.
Biopsy: If oral ulcers or masses are present, a biopsy may be taken to determine the cause.
Imaging studies: In some cases, imaging studies such as X-rays or ultrasound may be necessary to evaluate the internal organs.

Treatment will depend on the underlying cause of the drooling. It may involve antibiotics, pain relief, dental cleaning, surgery, or other supportive care.

Preventing Drooling in Cats

While not all causes of drooling can be prevented, there are steps you can take to minimize the risk:

Regular dental care: Brush your cat’s teeth regularly and schedule professional dental cleanings as recommended by your veterinarian.
Provide a safe environment: Keep potentially toxic substances out of reach of your cat.
Monitor your cat’s behavior: Pay attention to any changes in your cat’s behavior or appetite and seek veterinary care promptly if you notice anything concerning.
Regular veterinary checkups: Schedule regular veterinary checkups to help detect and manage any underlying medical conditions.

By taking these steps, you can help keep your feline friend healthy and minimize the risk of drooling. Early detection and treatment of underlying medical conditions are crucial for preventing serious complications. Always consult with your veterinarian if you have any concerns about your cat’s health.

Why is my cat suddenly drooling?

Sudden drooling in cats can be a sign of several underlying issues. One of the most common reasons is dental problems. Tartar buildup, gingivitis, or even a broken tooth can cause irritation and discomfort, leading to excessive saliva production. Cats are masters at hiding pain, so drooling might be the first visible symptom you notice, especially if accompanied by a decreased appetite or pawing at the mouth.

Another possibility is nausea. If your cat ingested something toxic, is experiencing motion sickness, or has an underlying gastrointestinal issue, they might drool as a prelude to vomiting. Keep a close eye on their behavior. Look for other signs like lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea, or changes in their eating habits. A quick onset of these symptoms warrants a veterinary check-up to rule out serious problems.

Is drooling in cats ever normal?

Yes, sometimes drooling in cats is perfectly normal, especially when they are extremely relaxed and content. Some cats drool when they’re being petted or purring loudly, particularly if they’re kneading or exhibiting other signs of happiness. This type of drooling is usually a sign of comfort and contentment, and you shouldn’t be worried unless it is a new behavior or excessive.

However, distinguishing normal drooling from something more serious is key. If the drooling is accompanied by other symptoms, such as bad breath, difficulty eating, changes in behavior, or blood in the saliva, it’s important to consult with your veterinarian. Normal drooling is usually minimal, clear, and occurs only during moments of relaxation.

Could my cat be drooling because of a foreign object?

Absolutely. A foreign object lodged in your cat’s mouth or throat is a significant reason for drooling. Small objects like splinters, pieces of toys, or even plant material can become stuck, causing irritation, pain, and excessive saliva production. Your cat might also paw at their mouth, gag, or have difficulty swallowing.

If you suspect a foreign object, carefully examine your cat’s mouth if possible, but only if it is safe for you and your cat. Avoid forcing their mouth open too wide, as you could cause further injury. It is best to take your cat to the vet immediately. They will be able to safely remove the object and assess any damage caused to the mouth or throat.

What dental problems can cause drooling in cats?

Numerous dental issues can trigger drooling in cats. Periodontal disease, characterized by inflammation and infection of the gums and supporting structures of the teeth, is a primary culprit. This disease can lead to painful tooth decay, gum recession, and eventually, tooth loss. The inflammation stimulates excessive saliva production as the body attempts to soothe the affected area.

Additionally, feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions (FORLs), also known as tooth resorption, are common in cats. These lesions cause the tooth structure to break down, leading to pain and discomfort. The pain and inflammation associated with these lesions often result in drooling. Regular dental check-ups are essential for early detection and treatment of dental problems.

Is drooling in cats always a sign of illness?

Not always, but it often warrants investigation. While some instances of drooling are benign, many causes stem from underlying health concerns. As detailed previously, dental issues, foreign objects, and even certain medications can contribute to drooling. Ruling out these factors with a veterinarian’s guidance is essential for responsible pet ownership.

Importantly, neurological problems, such as facial nerve paralysis or brain tumors, can also disrupt the normal swallowing mechanism, causing saliva to accumulate and drool. Likewise, certain toxins and poisons can induce excessive salivation. Never dismiss drooling as an insignificant symptom. Early veterinary intervention can improve your cat’s outcome and quality of life.

When is drooling in cats an emergency?

Drooling in cats becomes an emergency when it is accompanied by specific, alarming symptoms. If your cat is struggling to breathe, gagging persistently, exhibiting extreme lethargy, or has blood in their saliva, seek immediate veterinary attention. These signs suggest a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that requires prompt treatment.

Also, if you suspect your cat has ingested a poison or toxic substance and is drooling excessively, this is a veterinary emergency. Quick action is crucial to minimize the damage caused by the toxin. Do not attempt to induce vomiting unless directed to do so by a veterinarian, as some substances can cause further harm when regurgitated. Time is of the essence in these situations.

What can I expect during a vet visit for drooling?

During a veterinary examination for drooling, the vet will first take a thorough history, asking about the onset and duration of the drooling, any associated symptoms, and your cat’s diet and environment. A physical examination will follow, including a careful assessment of your cat’s mouth, teeth, and throat to look for any signs of inflammation, injury, or foreign objects.

Depending on the initial findings, the vet might recommend further diagnostic tests. These could include blood work to assess organ function and rule out systemic illnesses, dental X-rays to evaluate the health of the teeth and bone structure, or even endoscopy to visualize the esophagus and stomach. Treatment will vary depending on the underlying cause and could range from antibiotics and pain medication to dental cleaning or surgical intervention.