Haws, also known as “cherry eye” in animals, is a common term used to describe a prolapsed gland of the third eyelid. This condition primarily affects dogs, particularly certain breeds predisposed to it, but it’s crucial to understand what it entails, how it manifests, and, most importantly, whether it poses any risk of transmission to other animals or even humans. This article delves deep into the intricacies of haws, exploring its causes, symptoms, treatment options, and addressing the primary concern: its contagiousness.
What is Haws (Cherry Eye)? A Detailed Explanation
Haws, or cherry eye, isn’t an infection or a disease caused by a pathogen. Instead, it’s a physical condition involving the third eyelid, also known as the nictitating membrane. This membrane, present in many animals including dogs, cats, and some reptiles, acts as a protective shield for the eye, offering extra lubrication and removing debris. Located in the inner corner of the eye, it contains a gland that produces a significant portion of the tear film, essential for maintaining eye health.
The gland is normally held in place by connective tissue. When this tissue weakens or becomes damaged, the gland can prolapse, meaning it pops out of its normal position. This prolapsed gland appears as a red, fleshy mass in the corner of the eye, resembling a cherry – hence the name “cherry eye.” While visually alarming, it’s crucial to understand the underlying mechanics.
The Role of the Third Eyelid and its Gland
The third eyelid’s gland contributes significantly to tear production, often accounting for up to 50% of the eye’s tear film. This tear film is a complex mixture of water, lipids, and proteins, crucial for lubricating the cornea, removing debris, and fighting off infections. If the gland prolapses and remains untreated, it can become inflamed, dry out, and eventually lose its ability to produce tears effectively. This can lead to a condition known as dry eye, or keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), which can cause significant discomfort and potentially vision loss.
Breed Predisposition to Haws
Certain dog breeds are genetically predisposed to developing cherry eye due to inherent weaknesses in the connective tissue that supports the gland. These breeds commonly include:
- Bulldogs (English and French): These breeds are particularly prone due to their facial structure and genetic predispositions.
- Beagles: Beagles also have a higher incidence of cherry eye.
- Cocker Spaniels: This breed is susceptible to a variety of eye conditions, including cherry eye.
- Lhasa Apsos: Their facial features and genetics contribute to the risk.
- Shih Tzus: Similar to Lhasa Apsos, Shih Tzus are predisposed.
- Mastiffs: Larger breeds like Mastiffs can also be affected.
- Newfoundlands: Large breed dogs like the Newfoundland are also prone.
- Saint Bernards: Another large breed with increased susceptibility.
While these breeds are more likely to develop cherry eye, it’s important to note that any dog can potentially be affected.
Is Haws Contagious? The Definitive Answer
This is the central question. Haws, or cherry eye, is not contagious. It is a mechanical issue caused by the weakening of the connective tissue holding the gland of the third eyelid in place. It is not caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. Therefore, it cannot be transmitted from one animal to another, or from animals to humans.
The condition arises from anatomical or genetic predispositions. One dog developing cherry eye does not increase the risk of other dogs in the same household developing it, unless they share a similar genetic predisposition or anatomical structure. Similarly, humans cannot contract cherry eye from animals. The anatomical structures and causes are specific to the animals affected.
Symptoms of Haws (Cherry Eye)
Recognizing the symptoms of cherry eye is crucial for early intervention and effective management. The most obvious symptom is the appearance of a red, fleshy mass protruding from the inner corner of the eye. Other signs to watch out for include:
- Visible Red Mass: A distinct red or pink bulge in the inner corner of the eye. This is the prolapsed gland.
- Eye Irritation: Affected animals may paw at their eye, squint, or rub their face against furniture.
- Excessive Tearing: In some cases, the eye may produce more tears than usual as a result of irritation. However, as the condition progresses, the gland may become less functional, leading to dry eye.
- Dry Eye Symptoms: If the prolapsed gland is not treated promptly, it can lead to dry eye. Symptoms of dry eye include a dull, dry appearance to the cornea, squinting, and thick, mucoid discharge.
- Discomfort: The animal may show signs of discomfort, such as decreased appetite or reluctance to play.
- Swelling and Inflammation: The tissues surrounding the prolapsed gland may become swollen and inflamed.
It is important to consult a veterinarian as soon as you notice any of these symptoms. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent complications.
Diagnosis and Treatment Options for Haws
Diagnosis of cherry eye is usually straightforward, based on a physical examination. A veterinarian can easily identify the prolapsed gland. However, a thorough ophthalmic examination is essential to rule out other potential causes of eye irritation and to assess the overall health of the eye. This examination may include:
- Visual Inspection: The veterinarian will carefully examine the eye, paying close attention to the position of the third eyelid and the appearance of the prolapsed gland.
- Schirmer Tear Test: This test measures tear production and helps determine if the animal is experiencing dry eye.
- Fluorescein Stain: This stain is applied to the eye to detect any corneal ulcers or abrasions.
- Intraocular Pressure Measurement: This measures the pressure inside the eye and helps rule out glaucoma.
Treatment Options
The primary goal of treatment is to reposition the gland back into its normal location and restore its function. Historically, surgical removal of the gland was a common practice. However, this is now discouraged because removing the gland significantly increases the risk of developing dry eye.
- Surgical Repositioning: The preferred treatment method is surgical repositioning of the gland. Several surgical techniques are available, but the most common involve creating a pocket or tuck within the conjunctiva (the membrane lining the inner surface of the eyelids and the outer surface of the eyeball) and securing the gland within this pocket using sutures. This technique aims to keep the gland in its normal position while preserving its function.
- Pocket Technique: Involves creating a pocket in the conjunctiva to tuck the gland inside.
- Anchoring Technique: Involves suturing the gland to the orbital rim.
The choice of surgical technique depends on the individual animal’s anatomy and the veterinarian’s experience.
Post-operative Care
Following surgery, it is crucial to adhere strictly to the veterinarian’s instructions. Post-operative care typically involves:
- Antibiotics: To prevent infection.
- Anti-inflammatory Medications: To reduce swelling and inflammation.
- Topical Eye Medications: To lubricate the eye and promote healing.
- Elizabethan Collar (E-Collar): To prevent the animal from rubbing or scratching the eye, which could disrupt the surgical site.
It’s important to monitor the eye closely for any signs of complications, such as infection, swelling, or recurrence of the prolapse. Regular follow-up visits with the veterinarian are essential to ensure proper healing and to address any concerns.
Non-Surgical Management
While surgery is generally the most effective treatment option, non-surgical management may be considered in mild cases or as a temporary measure before surgery. This may involve:
- Topical Medications: Antibiotic and anti-inflammatory eye drops or ointments may help reduce inflammation and discomfort.
- Massage: Gentle massage of the prolapsed gland may help to reposition it. However, this should only be done under the guidance of a veterinarian.
It’s important to note that non-surgical management is often not a long-term solution, and surgery is usually required to permanently correct the condition.
Prevention of Haws
Since cherry eye is often related to genetic predispositions, preventing it entirely can be challenging, especially in predisposed breeds. However, responsible breeding practices can help reduce the incidence of the condition. Breeders should avoid breeding animals with a history of cherry eye.
Maintaining good overall health and providing a balanced diet can also contribute to eye health. Regular veterinary check-ups can help detect early signs of eye problems and allow for prompt treatment.
While you cannot prevent cherry eye in predisposed breeds, you can take steps to ensure early detection and proper management if it does occur. This includes being aware of the symptoms, seeking veterinary care promptly, and following the veterinarian’s recommendations for treatment and post-operative care.
Conclusion: Haws is Not Contagious, But Requires Prompt Veterinary Attention
To reiterate, haws, or cherry eye, is not contagious. It’s a mechanical issue that requires veterinary attention. Understanding the underlying causes, recognizing the symptoms, and seeking prompt treatment are crucial for preserving the animal’s vision and quality of life. While the condition is not transmissible, it’s essential to consult a veterinarian for proper diagnosis and management to prevent potential complications like dry eye and discomfort. Early intervention and appropriate treatment can help ensure a positive outcome for affected animals.
What exactly is Haws in pets, and is it contagious?
Haws, also known as bilateral protrusion of the nictitating membrane (or third eyelid), is not a disease itself but rather a symptom indicating an underlying issue in pets, most commonly dogs and cats. It refers to the visible appearance of the third eyelid in both eyes simultaneously. While the pink or whitish membrane may look alarming, it’s important to understand that Haws is not contagious to other animals or humans.
The prominence of the third eyelid typically results from dehydration, weight loss, intestinal parasites, pain, or a neurological condition. It’s the underlying cause that needs to be identified and addressed to resolve the Haws appearance. Focus should be directed toward assessing the overall health of the animal rather than isolating it, as it poses no infectious risk to other animals in the household or to humans.
What are the main causes of Haws in animals?
The primary causes of Haws are often related to general health and systemic issues rather than direct eye problems. Conditions that can lead to bilateral third eyelid protrusion include dehydration, often resulting from illness or insufficient water intake. Rapid weight loss, especially in younger animals, and the presence of intestinal parasites like worms can also contribute.
Neurological issues, such as Horner’s syndrome, can disrupt the normal function of the nerves controlling the muscles that retract the third eyelid. Additionally, any condition causing generalized pain or discomfort may lead to the retraction of the eyeball, which, in turn, pushes the third eyelid forward. Correct diagnosis requires a comprehensive veterinary examination to pinpoint the underlying trigger.
How can I tell if my pet has Haws? What are the visible symptoms?
The most obvious sign of Haws is the presence of a pinkish or whitish membrane partially covering one or both eyes. This membrane, the third eyelid, is usually hidden in the corner of the eye. In affected animals, it becomes clearly visible and may partially obscure their vision.
Other associated symptoms will vary depending on the underlying cause. Your pet may exhibit signs of dehydration, such as sunken eyes and decreased skin elasticity. They might also display symptoms of intestinal parasites, like diarrhea, vomiting, or weight loss. Lethargy, decreased appetite, and changes in behavior are also possible indicators of an underlying health issue causing the Haws appearance.
Is there a specific treatment for Haws?
There isn’t a direct treatment specifically targeting “Haws.” Since Haws is a symptom, the focus of treatment lies in identifying and addressing the underlying medical condition causing the third eyelid protrusion. The treatment plan will be tailored to the root cause diagnosed by a veterinarian.
For example, if dehydration is the culprit, the treatment will involve rehydration therapy through oral or intravenous fluids. If intestinal parasites are identified, deworming medication will be prescribed. In cases of neurological issues or pain, appropriate medications and therapies will be administered to manage the underlying condition. Successfully treating the root cause will resolve the Haws appearance.
Can Haws resolve on its own, or does it always require veterinary intervention?
While mild cases of Haws, particularly those related to transient dehydration or stress, might resolve spontaneously, it’s crucial to seek veterinary intervention for proper diagnosis. Attempting to self-diagnose and treat could delay necessary medical care and potentially worsen the underlying condition.
Even if the symptoms seem mild, underlying issues such as intestinal parasites or neurological problems could have serious long-term consequences if left untreated. A veterinary examination will help to identify the precise cause of the Haws and determine the appropriate course of action to ensure your pet’s health and well-being.
What diagnostic tests might a veterinarian perform to determine the cause of Haws?
A veterinarian will perform a thorough physical examination and may order various diagnostic tests to determine the cause of Haws. Blood tests are commonly used to assess overall organ function, hydration levels, and electrolyte balance. These tests can help identify underlying systemic illnesses.
Fecal examinations are essential to check for the presence of intestinal parasites like worms. Depending on the pet’s other symptoms, additional tests like neurological examinations, imaging studies (such as X-rays or ultrasounds), or even more specialized blood tests may be necessary to identify the underlying cause of the third eyelid protrusion.
How can I prevent Haws in my pet?
Preventing Haws involves ensuring your pet’s overall health and well-being. Provide a balanced and nutritious diet suitable for their age and breed, ensuring they have access to fresh, clean water at all times to prevent dehydration. Regular deworming treatments, as recommended by your veterinarian, are crucial to prevent intestinal parasites.
Schedule routine veterinary checkups to monitor your pet’s health and address any underlying health concerns promptly. Maintaining a healthy weight and providing a stress-free environment can also help prevent conditions that might contribute to the appearance of Haws. Early detection and prevention are key to minimizing the risk of this symptom.